Data Management Resources

Datasets used during the research process should be cited like you would cite an article - in the reference, cited sources, and bibliographies sections of your works. The process of citing research data has developed as the researchers and stakeholders realize that the inclusion of data is necessary for a complete scholarly record between a research product and the evidence it is based on.

Citing data:

• attributes credit to the responsible researchers
• allows those sharing the data to measure its impact
• supports the research infrastructure by connecting data and published research 
• improves access to data
• provides opportunities for verifying data and enable reuse
• promotes data as an equal scholarly output to a written work

While citing data has become an expectation, scholarly communities and communities of practice have largely struggled to develop data citation standards within their existing citation styles. This leaves the burden on research data communities to create a data citation format that conforms to existing styles rules as best as possible. When citing a dataset in a paper, follow the citation style required by the publisher. If they do not have a format for datasets, collect all the core elements and match the citation for textual publications. You can also follow DataCite's citation style for a dataset and adapt it to match the citation style you are using. 

Core Elements:

• author/creator
• date of publication
• title, including version or edition
• publisher or distributor (such as the name of the repository where the data was found)
• URL, DOI or other persistent identifier 

Example Citations from IASSIST's Quick Guide to Data Citation

APA (6th edition)

Smith, T.W., Marsden, P.V., & Hout, M. (2011). General social survey, 1972-2010 cumulative file (ICPSR31521-v1) [data file and codebook]. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center [producer]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]. doi: 10.3886/ICPSR31521.v1

MLA (7th edition)

Smith, Tom W., Peter V. Marsden, and Michael Hout. General Social Survey, 1972-2010 Cumulative File. ICPSR31521-v1. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center [producer]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2012. doi:10.3886/ICPSR31521.v1

Chicago (16th edition) (author-date)

Smith, Tom W., Peter V. Marsden, and Michael Hout. 2011. General Social Survey, 1972-2010 Cumulative File. ICPSR31521-v1. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center. Distributed by Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. doi:10.3886/ICPSR31521.v1