Ivan Oransky, Adam Marcus, and Alison Abritis, all of Retraction Watch, authored the short but sharp opinion piece, "How Bibliometrics and School Rankings Reward Unreliable Science." In this article, the authors trace several ways document and journal metrics are gamed, and make the case that funders should incentivize rigorous open science practices over citation numbers.
Jennifer Lin's chapter, "Altmetrics Gaming: Beast Within or Without?", published within MIT Press's Gaming the Metrics: Misconduct and Manipulation in Academic Research (2020), gives a history of altmetrics and addresses controversies around altmetric manipulation, including the suspicious purchase of link farms and bots for online social engagement.
Limitations | Use Scopus and Dimensions to find Metrics and Altmetrics | Counterpoints
Impact analysis when applied to a single document is particularly tricky. Imagine how many different forms of impact a journal article might make:
These are just a few examples, and not all of them are quantifiable. The tutorial below will help you gather both traditional metrics and altmetrics to tell that story, but even so, the tale will be incomplete. Despite tools like the Open Syllabus Project, there is no comprehensive source of university syllabi. Even if we can see how many works have cited a piece, we don’t necessarily know if those citations substantially contribute to the piece’s argument. We encourage you to consider a single publication’s impact as a complex and ongoing story.
Use the main search to find a work of interest in Scopus. We’re going to be using the article: “Decade-long leukaemia remissions with persistence of CD4+ CAR T cells”, published in Nature in 2022.
Scroll down on the page to “View all metrics”, and click the link.
The resulting page contains Scopus-specific metrics, like field-weighted citation impact. If you click on “More metrics”, you can see other traditional metrics like the number of times a document has been cited in Scopus within a given date range.
Scopus also contains PlumX altmetrics from Plum Analytics, an organization which focuses on measuring scholarly impact in non-traditional settings, such as social media mentions. Plum Analytics and Scopus are both owned by parent company Elsevier.
Click on View PlumX Details. Here, you can review a scholarly article’s mentions on social media, news articles, blog posts, and captures in Mendeley, a citation management system also owned by Elsevier.
Not all links to social media posts are available with Scopus-level access to PlumX metrics; instead we have access to raw counts.
While Scopus provides access to PlumX altmetrics, Dimensions provides access to content from Altmetric.com. Dimensions is a free database, though some advanced features are only available with a subscription.
Access Dimensions at dimensions.ai, then click through to Access Dimensions. Look up your article of interest, and click on the Altmetric icon at the bottom of the article record in your search results.
The resulting Altmetric.com page will provide results for the article’s mentions in news, blogs, social media, Mendeley readers, and overall citations within Dimensions. While Altmetric.com will provide raw counts and a preview of the most recent mentions, full access to mentions are only available by subscription.
Altmetric also provides their own Attention Score, which they algorithmically generate by providing different weights to different types of mentions based on the amount of readership anticipated. For example, Altmetric provides greater attention weight to news mentions than Wikipedia mentions.